Cancer prevention: common sense for HPV preventive vaccines
2020-04-21
In other words, if a woman's cervix is sick, the most terrible thing is cervical cancer. The famous actress Mei Yanfang died because of her death and abused the hearts of thousands of fans.
Cervical cancer is currently the only malignant tumor with a clear cause. Studies have shown that 99.7% of cervical cancer is related to HPV infection. As "the world's first vaccine that can prevent cancer," HPV preventive vaccines have received widespread attention. When is the best time to inject HPV vaccine? Does vaccination work for women who have sex? How to get HPV vaccine? Is it dangerous to get HPV vaccine? When is HPV vaccine inappropriate? Can HPV vaccine be used once and for all?
What is HPV preventive vaccine?
HPV preventive vaccines are also commonly known as cervical cancer vaccines. At present, three kinds of HPV preventive vaccines have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for marketing. According to the number of HPV virus subtypes targeted, they are divided into two-valent vaccines, four-valent vaccines and nine-valent vaccines. These three vaccines can effectively prevent the precancerous lesions of cervical cancer-related types, thereby reducing the incidence of cervical cancer. In addition, the four-valent vaccine and the nine-valent vaccine also have good preventive effects on malignant tumors of the vulva, vagina, penis, and anus, and genital warts.
Why should I get HPV preventive vaccine?
First, there are many members of the HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) family, among which there are more than 10 high-risk types and 2 low-risk types that are most closely related to humans. Secondly, HPV infection is also very common. As long as you start sex, the chance of being infected in your life can be as high as 50 to 80%. At present, there is no clear and effective treatment for persistent HPV infection. Prophylactic vaccination is a reliable means to prevent HPV infection and related diseases.
When is the best time to get HPV vaccine?
Probably most people think that married women get the best HPV vaccine, but it is not! The HPV preventive vaccine is best vaccinated among people who have never been infected with a vaccine-related type. Therefore, the World Health Organization recommends that early adolescent women who have not had sex between 9 and 13 years old should be the "main force" for vaccination. In China, the results of a survey of young women ’s sexual behavior in recent years have shown that the HPV vaccine among women aged 13 to 15 years may be more in line with China ’s national conditions. In addition, in most developed countries, young women under the age of 26 are the "second echelon" of vaccination.
Does vaccination work for women who already have sex?
Because existing vaccines can prevent multiple HPV infections, women are less likely to be infected with all types of vaccines at the same time. Even if you are infected with one of these types, the vaccine still has a good protection for the other types. Therefore, women who already have sex can also benefit from vaccination. Of course, with the increase of age, its protective effect will also decline relatively, so the vaccine should be given sooner rather than later.
Does the HPV preventive vaccine have a therapeutic effect?
The HPV preventive vaccine has no therapeutic effect on pre-existing HPV infection and related lesions, such as cervical precancerous lesions, cervical cancer, and condyloma acuminatum.
Will HPV vaccine infect the virus?
will not! Existing HPV preventive vaccines are some effective proteins synthesized on the surface of human papillomavirus through genetic engineering. Since they do not contain the genetic material of the virus, they are not complete viruses, so they are not infectious and pathogenic. When these proteins are inoculated into the body, immune cells will recognize these antigens and produce "specific weapons" (antibodies) to fight against HPV, but the inoculated person itself will not be infected.
Do men need HPV vaccine?
Although the HPV vaccine was first called the cervical cancer vaccine, in fact, the virus types covered by the HPV vaccine are also closely related to diseases such as male anal cancer, penile cancer, and condyloma acuminatum; at the same time, men can be reduced by receiving HPV vaccine The spread of the drug has further reduced the risk of HPV infection in women. Therefore, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that four- and nine-valent vaccines be given to men aged 11 to 21 to help prevent HPV infection-related diseases.
How to get HPV vaccine?
At present, the three HPV vaccines recommend a three-shot vaccination plan, which requires three injections within half a year, that is, the first injection, the second injection and the first injection one month or two months after the first injection. The third injection is given in 6 months. The injection method is intramuscular injection into the arm.
Does HPV need to be tested before vaccination?
No routine HPV testing before vaccination! Whether there is HPV infection does not affect the choice of vaccination. Because even if you have been or are infected with HPV, the vaccine may still play a protective role.
Is it dangerous to get HPV vaccine?
Under normal circumstances, the HPV vaccine will not affect daily work and life. The vaccine has been on the market for 10 years, and there have been no reports of serious side effects related to the vaccine after injection. Redness, induration, and pain at the vaccination site are the most common. A few people may have systemic symptoms such as fever, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and rash. These mild reactions are generally the same as those of the general vaccination. Most of them can be cured without treatment within 1-3 days.
When is HPV vaccine inappropriate?
1. Women who are pregnant (If the pregnancy is found after the first or second vaccination, they can continue the injection after delivery);
2. Those who are suffering from a cold or fever should suspend vaccination;
3. Those who are allergic to certain vaccine ingredients such as aluminum, yeast or nuclease;
4. Those who have experienced severe allergic reactions in the past (such as edema of the mouth or throat, difficulty breathing, hypotension or shock) should consult a doctor if they can be vaccinated.
Can HPV vaccine be used once and for all?
Existing HPV preventive vaccines cannot prevent 100% of cervical cancer. Therefore, cervical screening should be performed regularly after vaccination. The screening method and screening interval are the same as those of non-vaccinated people.
