Is cancer screening necessary? When will it be done?
2020-04-03
The latest data from the National Cancer Center show that in 2015, 3.929 million new malignancies and 2.338 million deaths occurred in China, which is equivalent to an average of 7.5 people diagnosed with cancer and 4.5 deaths due to cancer. This pair of numbers continues to rise. At present, the top ten most common malignant tumors in China have clear screening methods. Early detection and early treatment of cancer have a relatively high success rate. If it progresses to the middle and late stages, the cure rate and survival rate will gradually decrease. Anti-cancer tests can effectively detect early cancer.
The top 10 most common malignancies in China are lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, thyroid cancer, cervical cancer, brain tumor and pancreatic cancer. Anti-cancer screening is different from general routine examinations. The equipment or inspection methods usually used are much more complicated. The anti-cancer issue is not expensive, because it will affect the body to a certain extent. We just need to take a few points and do an inspection based on different age groups and different high-risk factors, and we don't need to do extra inspections.
When does lung cancer need to be checked?
For lung cancer, it is recommended that a targeted examination be performed every 50 years to 75 years. If it has a long smoking history, it should be checked as soon as possible (of course, it is best if you can quit smoking); the following people are lung cancer High-risk groups should pay more attention to:
1. No less than 20 pack-years of smoking; used to smoke, but stopped smoking for less than 15 years;
2.Passive smoking (smoke secondhand smoke);
3. Exposure to asbestos, beryllium, uranium, thorium and other chemical substances at work;
4.Have a history of malignant tumors or family history of lung cancer;
5. Have a history of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) or diffuse pulmonary fibrosis.
When does gastric cancer need to be checked?
For gastric cancer, gastroscopy is performed once a year or more every 1-2 years. The following groups are at high risk for gastric cancer.
1. Previous gastric cancer or benign gastric disease, history of gastric surgery or trauma (residual stomach);
2.Helicobacter pylori infection;
3. Previously suffering from precancerous lesions of the stomach such as chronic atrophic gastritis, gastric ulcer, gastric polyp;
4. First-degree relatives (parents, children first-level siblings) of patients with gastric cancer;
5.Living in areas with high incidence of gastric cancer (Northwest China, Southeast Coast, etc.);
6. There are other risk factors for gastric cancer (high salt, preserved food, smoking, heavy drinking, etc.).
It is recommended that high-risk groups have a gastroscopy as soon as possible. If there are no high-risk factors, it is also recommended to have a gastroscopy for 45-50 years.
When does colorectal cancer need to be checked?
45 to 75 years of age should be checked, older ones, check again according to whether there are symptoms. If there are high-risk factors, colonoscopy is performed every 3-5 years. If there are no high-risk factors, those over 50 years old are recommended every 5 years. The following groups are at high risk for colorectal cancer and should be given more attention:
1.Have a history of adenomatous polyps; have received colorectal cancer resection;
2. Immediate relatives diagnosed with colorectal cancer / adenomatous polyps;
3. Especially those with low onset age (<50 years);
4.Has inflammatory bowel disease and a long history;
5. Previous history of abdominal or pelvic radiotherapy due to cancer.
The most effective method for colorectal cancer screening is colonoscopy. But many people psychologically resist colonoscopy and easily miss a good opportunity to detect cancer early.
When does liver cancer need to be checked?
For liver cancer, it is recommended that people over 40 years of age be checked at high risk for every 6 months. The following are high-risk factors:
1. Hepatitis B (HBV) / HC (HCV);
Virus infection
3. Long-term alcohol abuse;
4. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis;
5.Eating food contaminated with aflatoxin;
6. Various causes cause cirrhosis;
7. Family history of liver cancer.
When does breast cancer need to be checked?
People aged 40-45 or at high risk should be examined at least once a year. The corresponding high-risk groups include:
1, there is a significant genetic predisposition to breast cancer, such as at least 2 of close relatives with breast cancer;
2. Previously suffered from "atypical ductal or lobular hyperplasia" or "lobular carcinoma in situ";
3. Have previously received chest radiotherapy.
Generally speaking, women should be checked regularly at the beginning of their 40s. If they belong to a high-risk group, they should be vigilant at the age of 20 and check up early.
When does esophageal cancer need to be checked?
40 to 69 years old, once every 1-3 years, if you have a long history of smoking (> 15 years), you should check it once a year. The following groups belong to high-incidence groups:
1.High incidence areas of esophageal cancer;
2.Symptoms of upper gastrointestinal tract;
3.A family history of esophageal cancer;
4, suffering from precancerous diseases or lesions of the esophagus;
5. High risk factors for esophageal cancer (smoking, heavy drinking, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, or respiratory tract, etc.).
The sooner esophageal cancer is detected, the better the treatment. The 5-year survival rate after surgical resection of early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is 85% to 90%, while that of advanced patients is only 6% to 20%. If you are not in your forties, but you belong to the high-incidence group, you should pay more attention.
When does thyroid cancer need to be checked?
Those who belong to the following high-risk groups should be checked for thyroid cancer every year:
1.History of childhood head and neck radiation exposure or exposure to radioactive dust;
2.First-degree relatives (such as parents, siblings and brothers) have had thyroid cancer;
3.The intake of iodine is too low or too high (normal human urine iodine content 100 ~ 200 micrograms / liter);
4, have some genetic diseases related to thyroid cancer.
According to data from the National Cancer Registry Center, thyroid cancer patients in China continue to grow at a rate of 20% per year. Although the incidence of thyroid cancer is not as high as those of lung cancer and gastric cancer, it is still a malignant tumor. About 1% -2% of undifferentiated cancers have metastasized very early. If there is one of the above high-risk conditions, relevant tests are also performed. .
When does cervical cancer need to be checked?
If you are 21-29 years old, it is recommended to do TCT every 3 years, and TCT + HPV DNA test every 5 years if you are over 30 years old. The following groups are at high risk:
1.People who start sexual life too early;
2.People with multiple pregnancy and premature birth;
3.Persons with multiple sexual partners or spouses;
4.Have been infected with genital tract HPV virus, herpes simplex virus, HIV and other infections;
5. People who smoke, use drugs or are malnourished.
For a long time, China is "the world's largest country for cervical cancer". Each year, more than 500,000 new cases worldwide come from China. Although the cause of cervical cancer is relatively clear, some patients can be cured, but China's Cervical cancer screening is one of the most important reasons. There are some vaccines that can play a preventive role now, but the most important thing is to be self-conscious and don't mess around to further reduce the risk.
When do brain tumors need to be checked?
Brain tumors are generally not screened. Its examination methods include CT, MRI, and lumbar puncture. Generally, intracranial pressure (headache, vomiting, etc.), dizziness, tinnitus and other symptoms caused by the space effect can go to the hospital Most brain tumors currently do not have a clear tumorigenic factor. For the prevention of brain tumors, it is necessary to maintain a good lifestyle, healthy eating habits and mentality in ordinary life.
When does pancreatic cancer need to be checked?
It is recommended that high-risk groups over the age of 50 be checked once a year. The following are high-risk groups:
1.Family history of pancreatic cancer;
2.Diabetic patients;
3.hereditary pancreatitis;
4.Pigmented polyp syndrome;
5. Cystic fibrosis.
After watching the top ten high-incidence tumor screening programs, you must also understand why you can't detect a tumor during a normal physical examination. It requires precision equipment for further inspection. Cancer screening is not a diagnosis, but it can help you find the clues of cancer more accurately. Cancer is a greater chance of early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment, and early recovery.
