8 early screening methods for common cancers
2020-09-09
There are more than 4 million new malignant tumor patients nationwide each year, and most of them are already in the middle and advanced stages when they are diagnosed. From August to October, it is the golden season for many enterprises and institutions to conduct physical examinations. When it comes to physical examinations, many patients are extremely frustrated: The unit organizes physical examinations every year, and everything is normal every time. Why is it that it is terminal cancer when it is discovered? I spend money every year to do a special cancer-prevention physical examination, why still miss the diagnosis?
In response to the "dilemma of physical examination in the field of early cancer screening", this article sorts out 8 common cancer early screening methods.
Remember to do gastroscopy for gastric cancer
The screening for gastric cancer is mainly gastroscopy, and the detection rate of other methods is very low.
Expert advice: People at high risk of gastric cancer may consider direct gastroscopy screening. If suspicious lesions are found during gastroscopy, a biopsy will be taken and sent for pathological examination, and follow-up follow-up and treatment plans will be taken according to the biopsy pathological results.
Remember to do endoscopy for esophageal cancer
When it comes to esophageal cancer, many people don't know what to do. The best way is to do endoscopy.
Expert suggestion: It is recommended to perform general endoscopy for people at high risk of esophageal cancer first, followed by esophageal mucosal iodine staining or electronic staining endoscopy. If no suspicious lesions are found under endoscopy, follow up regularly; if suspicious lesions are found under endoscopy , Then perform biopsy pathology, according to different pathological results to take the corresponding follow-up review and treatment plan, such as mild dysplasia, it is recommended to follow up once every 3 years.
Prostate cancer, remember to do PSA
Experts pointed out that the color Doppler ultrasound of the abdomen that everyone is usually familiar with in the physical examination can not detect early prostate cancer at all, and even has no diagnostic effect. The best test for prostate cancer screening is PSA prostate specific antigen!
Expert advice: Men over 50 years old should use the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) program to diagnose prostate cancer. PSA is cheaper and is the most convenient and sensitive method for early screening of prostate cancer.
Breast cancer must remember to use mammography target
Some people think CT is omnipotent, but it is not. When CT is used for breast cancer detection, it has the disadvantages of low sensitivity and low specificity for breast. In addition, there are some places where infrared is used to detect breast conditions. This is not recommended, because infrared detection is not in accordance with international standards. The performance of the machine is poor, the sensitivity is low, the error is large, and the subjective judgment of the doctor is strong. Do not use this method for testing.
Expert advice: For the early screening of breast cancer, it is first recommended to judge by mammography. Compared with breast CT, the effect of MRI is significantly better.
Remember to use TCT for cervical cancer
When many people talk about checking for cervical cancer, the first thing they think of is HPV check. In fact, HPV is a check for the cause. The real effective test for cervical cancer is the TCT test.
Expert advice: TCT is a liquid-based thin-layer cell test. Compared with the traditional Pap smear test, it significantly improves the satisfaction of specimens and the detection rate of abnormal cervical cells. It has been widely used in clinical practice. TCT cervical cancer screening can detect more than 90% of cervical cancer cells. It can also detect precancerous lesions and microbial infections such as mold, trichomoniasis, and chlamydia.
Liver cancer, remember to do alpha-fetoprotein + B ultrasound
Many people choose to do abdominal ultrasound during physical examinations, thinking that this can detect liver problems, but it is easy to miss the diagnosis.
Expert advice: High-risk groups (hepatitis B virus and/or hepatitis C virus infection, long-term alcoholism, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, eating food contaminated with aflatoxin, liver cirrhosis caused by various reasons, and family history of liver cancer, etc.), age 40 Over the age of, it is recommended to consider screening every six months. Most domestic experts recommend combining alpha-fetoprotein testing and liver ultrasound to regularly screen high-risk groups of liver cancer. If abnormalities are found, CT or MRI should be considered.
Remember to use CT for lung cancer
X-ray film detects lung cancer. Because of its low resolution, the detection rate is relatively low. If lung cancer is diagnosed by chest X-ray film, it is often clinically advanced. It can be said that using X-rays to detect lung cancer is completely pretending to prevent cancer.
Expert advice: Use high-definition CT to detect lung cancer. Due to the high resolution, lung cancer tumors can be detected at 1 cm or even 0.8 cm. It is recommended that middle-aged and elderly people after the age of 50 or people with a family history of lung cancer should use X in the physical examination. Replace the light film with CT. In addition, it is recommended that everyone use low-dose spiral CT to detect lung cancer, plus a few biomarkers, the detection rate can reach more than 90%.
Remember to do colonoscopy for bowel cancer
Experts suggest that people at high risk of bowel cancer need to go to the hospital for colonoscopy if they have the following conditions.
1. Bloody stools, abdominal distension and abdominal pain, or symptoms such as changes in stool characteristics and bowel habits, and obvious weight loss.
2. Immediate relatives of patients with bowel cancer.
3. Patients with colorectal polyps have been found.
4. Individuals suffering from ulcerative colitis for more than 5-10 years.
5. A close relative of a patient diagnosed with hereditary colorectal cancer.
6. Asymptomatic people over 40 years old (or 45 years old).
Note: Dr. Wenyuan Daotuo aims to share information for use and intrusion.
